Introduction : Solid organ transplantation is the lifesaving procedure for patients with end organ diseases. The occurrence of malignant diseases is common after organ transplants, which affect postoperative outcomes.

Methods : We used NIH database and HIRA database for analysis. The study population was comprised of cancer-free 3,822 liver recipients between Jan 2007 to Dec 2015. Standardized incide+I16nce ratio (SIR) of cancer using indirect standardization was calculated. Cancer incidence in liver recipients were compared with Korean general population in same time from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, with SIR using indirect standardization.

Results : Compared with general population, the SIR of all cancer was 3.43 in male and 2.30 in female in liver recipients. In male patients, the SIRs for Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and skin cancer and in female patients those for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and liver cancer were prominent. The SIRs of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were prominent in those aged 0-39 group.

Conclusions : In conclusion, the incidence of cancer in liver transplant recipients was 2 to 3-fold higher than general population. The commonly incident types of cancer were different from the general population with higher SIR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, skin cancer, leukemia. Especially increased risk for overall cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in young recipients was notable. Better knowledge of the specificities of liver recipients with de novo cancer is required to improve care in solid organ recipients. This study showed important considerations for strategies in cancer screening and surveillance in liver recipients for improvement of outcomes.
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